Is Sustainability Progress Down to EU Legislation or Businesses?
In the fourth part of our series with Arshad Rab, we cover the progress of sustainability and if either EU legislation or businesses should be responsible.
Giles: Next question, I think I was going to talk about whether there’s anything more that needs to be done to hasten sustainability in terms of any additional EU law or EU legislation that you might like to see. I mean, clearly down the years, what tends to happen is that all our environmental directors came out of Brussels and we saw that impacting on policy makers really for the last 15, 20 years or so, I think. And now I sense that the mantle is being passed to corporates a bit more to actually pick up and run with that. So I wonder, I’d be interested to know whether you feel there’s more of a role for legislation and policy guidance to push businesses still or whether this is something which businesses are now expected to run with themselves rather than waiting for more carbon taxes, more taxes on emissions, more laws forcing them to do things.
Arshad Rab: I think the best thing always is that let businesses come out and make business sense of what they are doing. Sustainability is a business case. So I think one needs to sensitize more and educate more to the businesses to make best use of what is available. There are etiquette laws, I think, in place for now. But yes, one can always think of more. I can think immediately of some levers, that really be helpful. You see, it is always about two things. It is about incentives and it is about penalizing those who are doing what you want them to do. In this case, move towards net zero economy and penalize those who are not coming along. So how do we do it in a way that works best, and how do we do it in a way that there are less loopholes, that there are less chances that it will not work or the resource will not be what we envisage. One thing I can think of easily can be done is about the value added taxation system. If you look at essential items like bread or butter, there are different value added taxes, something luxurious. And I think environment is not something very luxurious. It is very much essential of applying the same thing. In Germany, we have a 19% value added tax across the board and on the essential items, say 7%. So why not incentivize investments? In other words, why not tell to the companies if you are investing in expanding your factory, you’re buying new machines. And if you buy, let’s say A rated in terms of energy efficiency and not only energy efficiency but also resource efficiency as a whole, if you do it, if you pack that and see, you can have only 7% tax, and that would probably release some burden for the end customers if the industries give that profit to the consumers. Because after all, these companies don’t pay the value added taxes, the end user that actually pays. So we need to find a mechanism how that can work in a way that at the end of the day, consumers benefit. And once consumers benefit, I think the companies will be forced to invest in more environmentally friendly technologies. And what about lowering the corporate taxes? For example, if we have, say, 30% or 35% corporate taxes as such, what about telling you you will have to pay only 20% if you move from emission level now, today to X or whenever you’re making investments. So I think that is something which can be done. And another thing that can easily be done is by regulating the financial sector better. As you and I both know, money talks and literally everything else works. When you are going to the Bank and asking for money for your factory or for starting up a business or for expanding the existing one, the bank says no, the law says that, say, 40% of the bank’s portfolio. I would go for 100%. By the way, if that is not possible, we can always say, okay, let us start with somewhere. Let us start with 40%. So 40% portfolio of whatever credit or investments that you do got to be in a certain class that is independently verifiable. So that when they give loans to the companies, they say that okay here, this is the requirement. So banks can easily ask those who come for borrowing money, Yes, we will give you that. However, if you want to expand in terms of manufacturing facilities or say, mobility, you’re leasing cars, for instance, it should be more environmentally-friendly. That is what the law says. So if you come to us to borrow money, this is what you have to fulfill. And lastly, I would say, let’s be fair to the planet as a whole and not as we live. So applying a law that actually is for here, say for European Union. In other words, if you are selling things in Europe, if you are a business based in Europe And you are outsourcing some of your work, say, somewhere in Asia, Africa, Latin America, or wherever, once that product comes over here, the same criteria applies. And we know that this is the case in many other things, like child labor and so on.
Giles: Supply chain. Exactly.
Arshad Rab: We can go for the supply chain. And when you look at that, and that will have a real impact. Otherwise, the companies what they will do, they will stop investing over here. They will go where environmental laws are either weak or not working. That’s how what I said that we will be actually emitting more than today. But doing it just elsewhere, not in front of our homes. And I think that is not the purpose of any initiative, let alone change in legislation or coming up with new laws. This should look at all the aspects and some of the areas I have just mentioned.